Bransamentul electric

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bransamentul electric este partea din instalatia de distributie a energiei electrice</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cuprinsa intre liniaa electrica (aeriane sau subterana) si instalatia interioara (a abonatului) care</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">are scopul de a aduce energia electrica din retea in instalatia interioara.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBSERVATIE. Punnctul de delimitare a instalatiilor electrice dintre furnizor si consumator</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(abonat) il constituie bornele de iesire din contoarul de masurare a energiei electrice.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bransamentele pot fi individuale cand servesc un singur abonat sau colective, cand servesc</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mai multi abonati.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">            <span style="color: red;">Racordul</span> electric este partea de bransament cuprinsa intre linia electrica (aeriana sau</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">subterana) si firida de bransament. Racordul electric poate fi aerian sau subteran.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.         <span style="color: red;"> Firida</span> de bransament este componenta bransamentului in care se realizeaza</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conexiunile intre racordul electric si coloanele electrice si unde se monteaza aparatele de</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">protectie a coloanelor electrice.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">         <span style="color: red;"> Firida</span> <span style="color: red;">principala</span> este firida de bransament avind rolul de:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- nod energetic pentru manevre de intrerupere si comutatie;</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- legatura intre racordul electric si coloanele electrice colective si/sau individuale.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Protectie la scurtcircuit a racordurilor si coloanelor electrice.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">       <span style="color: red;">Firida individuala</span> este firida de bransament avand rolul de:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- leatura intre racordul electric si coloanele electrice colective si /sau individuale</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Protectie la scurtcircuit a coloanelor electrice</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">        <span style="color: red;">Firida secundara</span> este componenta bransamentului avand rolul de:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- legatura intre o coloana electrica colectiva si coloanele electrice individuale ale</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">abonatilor</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- protectie la scurtcircuit a coloanelor electrice individuale;</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- masurare a energiei electrice consumate de abonat</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinonim: Firida de distributie si contorizare montata pe palier – F.D.C.P.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">       <span style="color: red;"> Coloana electrica</span> este componenta bransamentului, prin care se realizeaza legatura</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">intre firida de bransament si instalatia electrica a abonatului.</span><br /> <span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Coloanele pot fi:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Coloane electrice colective, care alimenteaza mai multi abonati si care fac legatura intre</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">firida de bransament si firida de distributie si contorizare;</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Coloane electrice individuale, care alimenteaza un singur abonat</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">       Puterea instalata Pi este suma puterilor nominale a tuturor receptoarelor electrice</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">alimentata din instalatia interioara a abonatului.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">      Puterea absorbita Pa este puterea maxima, simultan absorbita de unul sau mai multi</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">abonati fiind egala cu produsul dintre suma puterilor instalate si coeficientul de simultaneitate</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Clasificarea bransamentelor:</span><br /> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bransamentul aerian asigura legatura cu conductoare aeriene de la linia electrica aeriana de distributie a intreprinderii furnizoare de energie si pana la firida  de bransament a abonatului.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In functie de pozitia consumatorilor fata de reteaua aeriana de joasa tensiune, se deosebesc doua tipuri de bransamente:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="RO"> Bransamente fara  traversare, cand reteaua electrica se afla pe aceeasi parte a drumului cu consumatorii (fig. 1, 2).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td height="14" width="0"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="180" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1045" width="636" /></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"></span><br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Bransamente cu traversare, cand reteaua electrica  se afla pe partea opusa a drumului, fata de consumatori (fig. 3, 4, 5).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="156" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="573" /></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="132" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="544" /></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="168" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="500" /></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aceste bransamente se impart, la randul lor, in alte doua categori, dupa modul in care se face intrarea in cladire:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO">Bransamente cu suport pentru zid, cand cladirea are o inaltime mai mare de 4 m de la streasina (fig. 1, 3, 5).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO">Bransamente cu suport pe cladire, cand aceasta are o o inaltime sub 4 m la streasina (fig. 2, 4).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bransamentele electrice aeriene pot fi considerate ca fiind compuse din doua parti:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-  partea de bransament din exteriorul cladirii, formata din legatura de la linia de distributie de joasa tensiune pana la cladirea abonatului, realizata cu conductoare aeriene.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- partea de bransament interioara, montata in cladire, cuprinzand echipamentul firidei de bransament, coloana de coborare de la suporturile pe cladire si firida, coloanele interioare de la firida la contorul de decontare.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute; margin-left:65.3pt;margin-top:357.05pt;width:433.05pt;height:181pt;z-index:-1' o:allowincell="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\paul\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 241px; margin-left: 87px; margin-top: 476px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 577px; z-index: -1;"></span><!--[endif]--><br /></span> <br /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">EXECUTAREA BRANSAMENTELOR  ELECTRICE AERIENE</span></b></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <h3 style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Conditii tehnice</span></span></h3> <div align="left" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La executarea bransamentelor aeriene vor fi respectate urmatoarele:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Conductoarele de bransament vor fi din aluminiu (funie) si vor fi izolate cu izolatie pentru tensiuni nominale de cel putin 1000 V si rezistente la intemperi.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">b.</span><span lang="RO"> Sectiunea minima din punct de vedere mecanic va fi de 16 mm², in cazul bransamentelor realizate direct, fara traversari.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. In cazul traversarilor peste drumuri, linii de telecomunicatii si diverse constructii, sectiunea minima va fi de 25 mm².</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> d. Distanta de la conductoarele bransamentului pana la suprafata solului trebuie sa fie de cel putin:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 6 m deasupra portiunii carosabile a drumurilor de orice categorie si curtilor accesibile vehiculelor;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-  5 m deasupra curtilor si gradinilor neaccesibile vehiculelor;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- 4 m deasupra potecilor accesibile numai pietonilor sau trotoarelor (in cazul bransamentelor intrand in cladiri direct din strada).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e. Cand lungimea bransamentului depaseste 25 m se vor prevedea stalpi intermediari.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f. Suporturile curbe, precum si consolele  cu izolatoare care se asaza pe cladiri trebuie sa fie fixate in materialul de baza al peretilor si nu in tencuiala sau in satratul acoperitor al cladirilor din lemn.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g. Tractiunea in conductoarele izolate ale bransamentelor nu se normeaza, cu conditia respectarii gabaritului acestora fata de sol si a depasirii  momentului capabil al stalpilor.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">h. Pentru legarea conductelor de bransament la linia de distributie se vor folosi izolatoare separate, fixate pe stalpul liniei sub nivelul conductorului inferior.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i. In deschiderea bransamentului nu se admit inadiri.</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="412" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="428" /></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">j. Suporturile de cladire, precum si accesoriile care ajung in contact cu acestea nu vor fi legate la nulul retelei si nici la priza de legare la pamant.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">k. Se interzice trecerea bransamentelor peste cosurile de fum de pe acoperisurile cladirilor; in cazul trecerii bransamentului izolat peste acoperisuri, conductoarele se vor amplasa astfel, incat sa nu impiedice accesul la cosurile de fum si vor trebui sa fie asezate la urmatoarele distante minime pe orizontala, de acestea:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1,20 m - cand  conductoarele trec sub planul orizontal  al gurii unui cos;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0,80 m - daca trec deasupra planului orizontal al gurii cosului.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">l. Distantele minime admisibile pe orizontala si pe verticala de la conductoarele bransamentelor aflate la deviatia maxima, la diferite elemente ale cladirilor (fig. 6).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In toate cazurile conductoarele bransamentelor vor fi astfel dispuse fata de cladiri, incat sa nu stinghereasca si sa nu pericliteze eventualele operatii de stingere a incendiilor.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">m. Bransamentele electrice aeriene pot traversa liniile aeriene de telecomunicatii, de regula pe deasupra acestora. Daca insa stalpii liniei de telecomunicatii au mai mult de 6 m inaltime deasupra solului si nu este posibil sau nu este economic ca bransamentul sa treaca  pe deasupra, se admite ca acesta sa treaca pe dedesubt (fig. 7), cu conditia ca distanta pe orizontala intre conductoarele bransamentului si cel mai apropiat stalp de telecomunicatii sa fie cuprinsa intre 2 si 15 m (fig. 8).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="140" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="595" /></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La incrucisarea cu un fider de radioficare de 480 sau 960 V, bransamentul electric va trece obligatoriu pe dedesubt. Unghiul de incrucisare cu o linie de telecomunicatii trebuie sa fie mai mare de 30°. Distanta minima admisa pe verticala intre conductoarele izolate ale bransamentului si conductoarele liniei de telecomunicatii este de 0,6 m.</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: center;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="209" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/arhitectura%20constructii/46_poze/image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="399" /></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">n. Daca in lungul traseului bransamentului se afla pomi, nu este permisa trecerea conductoarelor prin coronamentul pomilor sau atingerea de crengi. Crengile se vor inlatura pana la o distanta de 0,5 m fata de conductoare.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">o. Derivatiile dintr-un bransament aerian al unei cladiri se pot executa numai pentru cladirile vecinilor alaturati, din stanga si din dreapta cladirii respective; nu se admit derivatii din derivatii  de bransament pentru consumatorii la adrese diferite; acest caz special se admite numai pentru derivatiile de la aceeasi adresa.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">p. In cazul alimentarii mai multor consumatori vecini se folosesc, de regula, pentru derivatiile de bransament, stalpi intermediari plantati pe trotuar. De la acest stalp se pot executa lateral 2-4 derivatii, dupa caz.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">r. Se va evita traversarea cailor publice cu mai multe bransamente de la acelasi stalp de retea; in mod normal se executa o singura traversare cu stalp intermediar de la care pleaca derivatiile de bransament la cladiri.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">s. Bransamentele sau derivatiile pentru consumatorii noi pot trece peste unele mici portiuni de teren ale consumatorilor existenti, cu avizul acestora.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2378287172810952813" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">t. Nu  se construiesc bransamente sau derivatii de bransament in lungul unei cai publice neelectrificate.</span></div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">u. Bransamentele consumatorilor care absorb din retea un curent de pana la 30 A se pot executa monofazat, iar cele care absorb peste 30 A, trifazate.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.epg.ro/produse/image94.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://www.epg.ro/produse/image94.gif" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <a href="http://bransament-electric.ro/wp-content/uploads/bransament-electric-300x149.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="bransament electric" border="0" src="http://bransament-electric.ro/wp-content/uploads/bransament-electric-300x149.gif" /></span></a><a href="http://www.epg.ro/produse/image94.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></a><a href="http://www.epg.ro/produse/image94.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></a><a href="http://www.epg.ro/produse/image94.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></a><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.recomplast.com/admin/user/poze_site/galerie_mare/image_90537.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://www.recomplast.com/admin/user/poze_site/galerie_mare/image_90537.jpg" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">                                                    <b>  SCHEMA BLOC DE MASURA SI PROTECTIE</b></span><br /> <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Elementele componente ale bransamentelor</span></b><br /> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <u><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cablurile electrice</span></span></u></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cablurile utilizate la bransamentele subterane pot fi cu conductoare de cupru sau din aluminiu, cu izolatie de hartie sau PVC, cu manta de plumb, aluminiu sau PVC.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se folosesc cabluri elecrtice de joasa tensiune de urmatoarele tipuri:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">CHPAbY, ACHPAbY (STAS 4481- 73) - cabluri cu conductoare de cupru, respectiv aluminiu, cu izolatie de hartie in manta de plumb, armate cu benzi de otel si manta exterioara de PVC. Se fabrica cu doua, trei sau patru conductoare cu sectiunea de la 16 mm² la 400 mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">CYAbY, ACYAbY (STAS 2405- 71) - cabluri cu conductoare de cupru, respectiv aluminiu, cu izolatie si manta de PVC, cu armatura din benzi de otel  si invelis exterior din PVC. Se fabrica cu doua, trei si patru conductoare, cu sectiuni de 1,5 mm² (2,5 pentru aluminiu) pana la 400 mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">CYPAbY, ACYPbY (STAS 2405- 70) - cabluri cu conductoare de cupru respectiv aluminiu, cu izolatie de PVC, in manta de plumb, armate, cu manta exterioara de PVC. Se fabrica cu doua, trei si patru conductoare, cu sectiuni de la 1,5 mm² (4 mm² pentru aluminiu) pana la 185 mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Montarea acestor cabluri se face in pamant sau pe stalpi, expuse actiunilor mecanice la montaj sau in timpul exploatarii, fara a fi expuse la eforturi mari de tractiune.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">La dimensionare cablurilor pentru bransamente se va tine seama de puterea instalata la consumator si de incarcarea maxima admisibila a cablului (I_max. _adm.) indicata in normele interne sau in cataloagele producatorilor. Pentru tipurile de cabluri produse in tara, curentul maxim de sarcina I_max.sarc. care trece prin cablu trebuie sa satisfaca relatia: I _{max. sarc.} </span><span lang="RO">£</span><span lang="RO"> K I _{max. adm.}, unde K este un coeficient de corectie, care tine seama de conditiile de pozare si de mediul si se determina cu formula: K=K₁. K₂. K₃, in care K₁ este coeficient de corectie,  functie de rezistenta termica specifica a solului; K₂ coeficient de corectie, functie de numarul cablurilor pozate alaturat; K₃ coeficient de corectie, functie de temperatura solului. Cablurile cu sectiune mare se folosesc de regula la bransamentele electrice subterane pentru blocurile de locuinte.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> </div> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td height="7" width="443"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="230" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image008.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="194" /></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"></span><br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <u><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansoanele si accesoriile</span></span></u></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Una dintre operatiile importante pe care le comporta montarea</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bransamentelor electrice in cablu subteran o constituie lucrarile de</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">imbinare. Pentru realizarea unei legaturi electrice si mecanice intre</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">doua portiuni de cablu se folosesc mansoanele de cablu, care pot fi</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de inadire sau de derivatie.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansoane de legatura</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansoanele de legatura pentru cablurile de joasa tensiune se</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">executa conform STAS 2739- 70, in sapte marimi, marcate in functie</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de diametrul gatului de intrare a cablurilor in manson, si anume:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ML- 45, ML- 55, ML- 60 etc.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansonul se executa din fonta din doua jumatati, un capac si doua bratari de prindere a cablului.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">El este prevazut cu suruburi de punere la pamant din bronz, suruburi de asamblare, suruburi de fixare a capacului, saibe si garnituri de etansare, toate aceste elemente fiind reglamentate prin STAS.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suprafata exterioara a mansonului se protejeaza prin gudroane.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansoanele de derivatie</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La executarea bransamentelor subterane se utilizeaza mansoane de derivatie (tip bransament) atunci cand cablul principal nu este sectionat.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se construiesc, conform STAS 1570- 69, in cinci tipuri, marcate in functie de diametrul cablului principal si al cablului de derivatie (de bransament), si anume: MD 60/50, MD 75/65, MD 85/75 si MD 90/80.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansonul de derivatie se confectioneaza din fonta si este format din doua jumatati, cu capac si trei bratari de prindere a cablului. Este prevazut, de asemenea, cu suruburi de punere la pamant din bronz, cu suruburi de fixare a capacului, cu suruburi de asamblare, saibe si garnituri de etansare, toate aceste piese fiind reglementate prin STAS.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suprafata exterioara a mansonului se protejeaza prin gudroane.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Accesoriile pentru executarea mansoanelor</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Clemele de legatura</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mansoanele de legatura, pentru legarea in prelungire a conductoarelor cablurilor subterane de cupru sau aluminiu prin metoda lipirii cu aliaj de cositor, se folosesc cleme de legatura in prelungire CLP (STAS 6731-68). Clemele CLP se confectioneaza din teava de alama cositorita, in doua variante:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">normale-CLPN (fig. 6);</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span style="height: 74px; left: 0px; margin-left: 431px; margin-top: 25px; width: 206px;"><img height="74" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image010.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1034" width="206" /></span><span lang="RO">lungi-CLPL; folosite pentru legarea conductoarelor scurtate din cauza arderii cablurilor.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La cablurile cu conductoare de aluminiu, in afara legaturilor</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">realizate prin lipire, se realizeaza si imbinarea prin presare la rece.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conductoarele se introduc in cleme speciale de aluminiu si se strang</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in bacurile de presare, astfel incat presiunile sa fie apropiate de limita</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 98px; left: 0px; margin-left: 431px; margin-top: 5px; width: 206px;"><img height="98" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image012.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1036" width="206" /></span><span lang="RO"> deformarilor plastice ale sarmelor. Dispozitivele de presare pot fi</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">prese hidraulice manuale sau clesti hidraulici ori mecanici actionati</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tot manual. La executarea legaturilor de inadire prin presare cu presa</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fidraulica manuala PH-00 (produs R.D.G.) se vor utiliza cleme din</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">teava de aluminiu realizate prin stantare. Clemele se fabrica la I.C.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M.P. si sunt marcate atat cu simboluri care indica sectiunea conduc-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">torului, cat si cu simbolul prescurtat al bacului de presare. Forma acestei cleme de legatura este indicata in figura 7.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In cazul conductoarelor in forma de sector, acestea vor fi in prealabil rotunjite cu ajutorul unor bacuri speciale de rotunjire, corespunzatoare fiecarei sectiuni.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Role de distantare</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sunt folosite la executarea mansoanelor de legatura de joasa tensiune si au rolul de a distanta in zona instalatiei refacute.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rolele de distantare se confectioneaza din ebonita.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cleme de derivatie</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pentru legarea in derivatte a conductoarelor de cupru sau aluminiu, in mansoanele de bransament se folosesc cleme de derivatie demontabile, cu ghiara tip CTD (STAS 1234- 67). Clemele se construiesc in doua variante:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">pentru legaturi pe conductoarele de cupru sau aluminiu, cu sectiuni de 6-25 mm²;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">pentru legaturi numai pe conductoare de aluminiu cu sectiuni de 35-240 mm²;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Clemele de derivatie se monteaza pe conductoarele cablului principal, iar conductoarele cablului derivat, prevazute la capete cu papuci de cablu, se leaga mecanic, prin surubul de strangere, la cleme. La conductoarele in forma de sector se procedeaza la rotunjirea lor folosind un cleste fara dinti sau dispozitive de presare hidraulica si bacuri de rotunjire.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Clemele CTD se confectioneaza din alama. Inainte de montarea pe conductor, clemele se cositoresc cu aliaj de cositor LP60, pentru asigurarea unui contact bun la locul de legatura (fig 8).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In cazul mansoanelor de derivatie tip bransament montate pe claburi de forta la care conductoarele derivate au o sectiune mai mica sau egala cu 50% din sectiunea conductoarelor cablului principal, se poate face legarea in derivatie prin lipire in cleme de legatura deschise, de dimensiuni corespunzatoare,</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> prevazute cu borne pentru legarea conductoarelor derivate. Se recomanda folosirea acestor cleme pana la derivatii de 50 mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td height="11" width="443"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="146" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1037" width="194" /></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"></span><br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cleme este prevazuta cu o deschidere pe generatoare care serves-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">te la asezarea (prin desfacere si apoi strangere) pe conductoarele intregi</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ale cablului principal si la turnarea aliajului de lipire.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se confectioneaza din tabla sau din teava de cupru si apoi se cositoresc.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <u><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutiile terminale si accesoriile</span></span></u></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La bransamentele realizate in cablu subteran se folosesc doua</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tipuri de cutii terminale: cutia terminala de interior si cutia terminala de exterior pentru montaj pe stalpi.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> </div> <table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td height="3" width="443"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img height="254" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image016.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1039" width="194" /></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> </div> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"></span><br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" /></span> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutia terminala cilindrica de interior (ICI) - STAS 1572-62.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este folosita in nisele de abonati montate pe peretii exteriori</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ai cladirilor, pentru legare, protejarea si izolarea capetelor cablurilor</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cu izolatie de hartie, cu doua sau patru conductoare avand sectiuni pana</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">la 300  mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La cablurile de PVC nu se vor executa cutii terminale.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Piesele componente ale cutiei cilindrice sunt: corpul cutiei (fig.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">9), capacul cutiei si doua suruburi de fixarea a capacului.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Corpul cutiei se executa din fonta sau aliaje de aluminiu proveni-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">te din recuperari de deseuri pentru turnatorie.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Capacul cutiei se executa din banchilita sau din alt material izo-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">lant corespunzator, prevazute cu doua sau cu patru gauri pentru iesirea</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">conductoarelor. Suruburile de fixare a capacului se executa din bronz.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suprafata exterioara a cutiei se protejeaza prin gudroane.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutia terminala ICI se fabrica in sase marimi, dupa sectiunea conductoarelor cablurilor la care se folosesc.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutia terminala de exterior pentru montaj pe stalpi (STAS 3535- 69)</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 302px; left: 0px; margin-left: 443px; margin-top: 4px; width: 194px;"><img height="302" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image018.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1040" width="194" /></span><span lang="RO">Se foloseste la bransamentele electrice subterane recordate la o</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">retea electrica aeriana si se monteaza pe cabluri armate cu izolatie de</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">hartie, cu doua sau cu patru conductoare, avand sectiuni de 16-185</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La cablurile din PVC se vor executa cutii terminale.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutiile terminale de exterior, simbolul CteS, se executa in doua</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tipuri:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">CTeS - 25, pentru cabluri cu doua conductoare cu sectiune</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">normala pana la 25 mm²;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">CTeS 1, CTeS 2, CTeS 3 (trei marimi, pentru cabluri cu con-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">ductoare cu sectiune normala pana la 3</span><span lang="RO">´</span><span lang="RO">185+95 mm².</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cutia se confectioneaza din fonta si este formata dintr-un corp,</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">un capac si un jug de prindere. Ea este prevazuta cu suruburi si saibe</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pentru prinderea capacului si a jugului, cu dop de inchidere si surub de</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">legare la pamant, toate aceste piese fiind reglementate prin STAS.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Montarea pe stalp se va realiza conform figurii 10.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Papucii de cablu</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sunt piesele care se fixeaza pe capetele conductoarelor pentru racordare la bornele instalatiilor electrice. Fixarea papucilor pe conductoare se poate face prin mai multe metode, cele mai utilizate fiind fixarea prin lipire si fixarea prin presare.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 110px; left: 0px; margin-left: 443px; margin-top: 11px; width: 194px;"><img height="110" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image020.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1045" width="194" /></span><span lang="RO">Se utilizeaza urmatoarele tipuri de papuci:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO">Papuci stantati pentru conductoare de cupru (STAS 243- 71).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se folosesc la conductoarele de cupru unifilare si multifilare cu</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sectiuni de 4-240 mm², fixandu-se prin lipire.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pentru lucrarile de bransamente electrice se utilizeaza papuci tip</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">A,</span><span lang="RO"> </span><span style="height: 122px; left: 0px; margin-left: 443px; margin-top: 13px; width: 194px;"><img height="122" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image022.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1046" width="194" /></span><span lang="RO">cu urechea inchisa dreapta (fig. 11).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Papucii se confectioneaza din alama, pentru sectiuni pana la 16 </span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mm² inclusiv, si de cupru pentru celelalte sectiuni. Se protejeaza prin</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cositorire galvanica.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">b.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO">Papuci presati sau turnati pentru conductoare multifilare de cu-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pru (STAS 1596- 71). Se utilizeaza pentru conductoare cu sectiuni de</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">25-300 mm². Conductoarele in forma de sector se rotunjesc in prealabil</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 139px; left: 0px; margin-left: 443px; margin-top: 10px; width: 194px;"><img height="139" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/15_poze/image024.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_s1044" width="194" /></span><span lang="RO"> cu dispozitive de rotunjire. Se fixeaza pe conductor prin lipire cu cosi-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tor. Pentru conductoarele de bransament se folosesc papuci tip N (fig.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">12).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Papucii se confectioneaza din alama si sunt acoperiti cu un aliaj</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">de cositor Lp 40. Papuci stantati pentru conductoare multifilare din alu-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">miniu (STAS 8298- 69). Se folosesc pentru conductoare cu sectiuni de</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">la 16 la 500 mm². Fixare pe conductor se face prin lipire cu aliaj de co-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sitor, dupa ce firele de aluminiu au fost in prealabil metalizate in regiu-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nea de prindere si lipite impreuna (masivizate). Pentru protejare impo-</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">triva coroziunii electrochimice a locului de contact dintre teaca papucu lui si conductorul de aluminiu,</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">acesta va fi etansat cu infasurari din banda lacuita si lac de banchelita sau cu benzi adezive de PVC.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Utilizarea cea mai raspandita o au papucii cu ureche dreapta (fig. 13).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Papucii se confectioneaza din banda sau din tabla de cupru sau alama, prin stantare si se cositoresc la cald, pentru a asigura o buna lipire cu conductoarele.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">c.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO"> Papucii pentru montare prin presare pentru conductoare multifilare din aluminiu cu sectiuni circulare de 16-300 mm², folositi pentru legarea la borne sau la suruburile de contact.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se executa in doua variante:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">                </span></span><span lang="RO">prin turnare sub presiune;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">                </span></span><span lang="RO">prin stantare.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Papucii executati prin turnare se obtin din aliaj de aluminiu ATSI 12 (STAS 201- 67), iar cei stantati din teava de aluminiu 1/2 t 99,5 (STAS 524- 67).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sunt destinati a fi montati in incaperi inchise cu urmatoarele caracteristici ale mediului: temperatura +10, +40°C, umiditate 65% la +20°C, fara gaze cu actiune chimica.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Presarea se face cu presa hidraulica sau cu clestele mecanic, cu ajutorul bacurilor hexagonale special construite pentru fiecare sectiune de conductoare.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conductoarele in forma de sector se rotunjesc in prealabil cu bacurile de rotunjire.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <u><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fondantii</span></span></u></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cupru si aluminiu, metale folosite la fabricarea conductoarelor electrice, in contact cu aerul, capata la suprafata o pelicula de oxid, care impiedica lipirea sau sudarea si deci trebuie indepartata.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pentru indepartarea stratului de oxid de cupru, pe cale chimica, se folosesc fondatii.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pentru indepartarea stratului de oxid de aluminiu se folosesc fondatii cu care se acopera suprafata conductoarelor, in special, inaintea operatiilor de imbinare prin sudura. Fondantii folositi la sudura sunt de obicei clorurile.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Compozitia fondantului recomandat la imbinarea prin sudura electrica a conductelor de aluminiu este urmatoare:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- clorura de potasiu   - 50%;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- clorura de sodiu      - 30%;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- criolit                      - 20%.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Temperatura de topire a acestui fondant este de 630°C. El este nehigroscopic, se topeste rapid si in prima faza a sudarii acopera suprafata metalului cu o pelicula lichida, care, in combinatie cu oxidul de aluminiu, da nastere la zgura, ce se elimina usor. Fondantul se intinde in strat subtire numai pe suprafetele de contact.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <u><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliajele de metalizare si de lipire a conductoarelor de cupru si aluminiu</span></span></u></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lipirea reprezinta imbinarea a doua piese metalice din materiale identice sau apropiate, in material strain ajutator, avand temperatura de topire mai mica decat cea a materialelor pieselor considerate. In timpul lipirii numai materialul ajutator (aliaj de lipit) se topeste, aliindu-su cu piesele de imbinare, care raman in stare solida.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conditia pentru obtinerea unei imbinari rezistente prin lipire este indepartarea inainte de lipire sau in timpul ei, a peliculei de oxid dupa suprafetele imbinate.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pelicula de oxid se indeparteaza fie pe cale chimica, fie prin folosirea fondantiilor, fie pe cale mecanica, prin curatire.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliaje de lipire</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">La lipirea intre ele a conductoarelor de cupru sau la lipirea firului de cupru cu mantaua de plumb a cablurilor pentru realizarea punerii la pamant, se folosesc aliaje de cositor-plumb (STAS 96- 73), care se deosebesc intre ele prin procentajul elementelor componente. Simbolul marcii aliajelor de lipit coprinde grupul de litere Lp (prescurterea cuvantului ''lipit''), urmat de un numar care indica continutul mediu al cositorului cu aliaj.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliajul Lp 40 se utilizeaza la inadire prin lipire a conductoarelor de cupru sau aluminiu in mansoane.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliajul Lp 60 se intrebuinteaza la montarea prin lipire a papucilor pe conductoarele de cupru sau de aluminiu, deoarece, papucii fiind in contact cu aerul din jur, acest aliaj reduce mult efectul coroziunii.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliajul Lp 37 se foloseste la lipirea conductorului de cupru, pentru legarea la pamant de mantaua de plumb.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aliajele de metalizare pentru conductoarele de aluminiu</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Firele componente ale conductoarelor de aluminiu, inainte de lipire in cleme sau papuci, se curata de straturi de oxid si apoi se metalizeaza, folosind in acest scop aliaj pe baza de cositor.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><span lang="RO">Materialele izolante</span></u><span lang="RO"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In procesul de executare a mansoanelor si a cutiilor terminale pentru bransamentele subterane se folosesc urmatoarele materiale izolante:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO">Masa izolanta bituminoasa (STAS 3897- 73). Serveste la umplerea mansoanelor de legatura sau de derivatii si a cutiilor terminale. Se fabrica in doua tipuri:</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">tip B 65, pentru cabluri subterane si cabluri montate in cladiri reci;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">-<span style="font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO">tip B95, pentru cabluri montate in incaperi incalzite.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Masa izolanta bituminoasa se livreaza in cutii sau in butoaie de tabla, sau pe placaj, cu un continut net de 10-15 kg. Depozitarea se va face in locuri adapostite, ferite de soare, de praf sau de umezeala.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">b.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO">Banda izolatoare din panza cauciucata (STAS 3658- 62). Se executa din tesatura de bumbac, acoperita pe ambele fete cu un amestec de cauciuc nevulcanizat, izolant. Se livreaza in rolouri avand lungimea 5- 10- 15 m si latimea de 10- 15- 20 mm.</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO">c.<span style="font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO">Hartia impregnata prin cabluri (N.I.D. 877- 60).</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Se foloseste sub forma de benzi de hartie impregnate cu mase bituminoase pentru izolarea imbinarilor si a capetelor de cablu subterane inainte de compundare.</span></span><br /> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Schema  electrica  de  principiu  pentru montarea  BMPM </span></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"> <img align="left" alt="Text Box: Notatii : RpT - Priza de pamant la post ; Rpl - Priza de pamant locala ; Rpa - Priza de pamant auxiliara utilizata pentru protectia de nul , amplasata la 5m fata de Rpl; F - Conductor de faza ; N - Conductor de nul; PE - Conductor de protectie DPST - Dispozitiv protectie supratensiuni datorate intreruperii nulului; ID - Intreruptor diferential " height="273" hspace="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image193.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1113" width="289" /></div> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: #333333; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;"><tbody> <tr><td height="0" width="53"></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Text Box: " height="824" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image083.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1112" width="575" /></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span lang="RO"><img src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image194.gif" /></span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <b><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blocul de Masurare si Protectie pentru bransament electric Trifazat</span></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="RO"></span></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Este o parte a instalatiei de alimentare cu energie electrica a micilor consumatori , reuneste intr-o singura incinta sau in constructie modulata , echipamentul de masurare si  protectie care asigura conexiunea dintre bransamentul trifazat aerian sau subteran al furnizorului si coloana trifazata a instalatiei de utilizare a consumatorilor .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <b><i><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blocul de masurare si protectie – BMPT – se executa in urmatoarele variante :</span></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="RO">- Varianta 1</span></b><span lang="RO"> – cu conectare directa , pentru curent maxim absorbit de consumator , de pana la 16 A – BMPTd – 16 .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="RO">- Varianta 2</span></b><span lang="RO"> – cu conectare directa , pentru curent maxim absorbit de consumator intre 16 – 40 ( 63) A – BMPTd – 40 ( 63 ) .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="RO">- Varianta 3</span></b><span lang="RO"> – cu conectare directa sau indirecta , pentru un curent absorbit de consumator de maxim  100 A (200A) – BMPTd /i – 100 (200) .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.4pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="RO">- Varianta 4</span></b><span lang="RO"> – cu conectare indirecta , prin transformatoare de curent , pentru un curent absorbit de consumator de maxim  250 A – BMPTi – 250 .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 8.5pt 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="RO">- </span></b><span lang="RO">Toate cutiile vor fi prezentate cu posibilitatea racordarii , la<b> </b>una din fazele bransamentului trifazat , a unui bransament monofazat , prin intermediul unui  BMPM  inclus  in  aceiasi  incinta, sau  in  incinta  separata  cu  pastrarea  conditiilor  impuse  de  ST3/2003 ( conform  anexei 3), caz in care simbolul celor patru variante va purta si litera “ m ” ; BMPTd/m - 16 ; BMPTd/m - 40(63) ; BMPTi/m – 100 ; BMPTi/m – 250 .</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">            <b><i>Blocul de masurare si protectie trifazat asigura urmatoarele functiuni</i></b> :</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">racordarea instalatiei de utilizare a consumatorului la instalatia de alimentare a furnizorului ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">masurarea energiei electrice active si reactive cu exceptia variantei 1<br />  care nu trebuie dotat pentru masurarea energiei reactive ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">protectia la suprasarcina si scurtcircuit a coloanei generale trifazate si a coloanei monofazate ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">protectia impotriva supratensiunilor de frecventa industriala produse la consumator , prin intreruperea accidentala a conductorului de nul ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">protectia impotriva electrocutarii prin atingere directa a circuitelor si echipamentelor din cutia blocului de masurare si protectie aflate in mod normal sub tensiune ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">posibilitatea realimentarii de catre consumator in cazul actionarii protectiilor la un defect in instalatiile acestuia, prin  prevederea  unei ferestre  de  acces la  intrerupator  cu  pastrarea  gradului  de  protectie  impus blocului, cu  posibilitatea securizarii  accesului  de  catre  abonat ;</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">posibilitatea citirii contoarelor sau , daca este cazul , intreruperii alimentarii cu energie electrica de catre furnizor , independent de prezenta consumatorului ;<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"></span></span></span></div> <span lang="RO" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">protectia impotriva sustragerilor de energie electrica si a deteriorarii <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">echipamentului prin actiunea unor persoane rau intentionate sau neavizate .</span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><img alt="Text Box: " src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image088.gif" /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><img alt="Text Box: " src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image091.gif" /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><br /></span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;"> <span lang="RO"><img alt="Text Box: " src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/3160_poze/image094.gif" /></span></div> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 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Bransamentul electric

Bransamentul electric este partea din instalatia de distributie a energiei electrice cuprinsa intre liniaa electrica (aeriane sau subterana...

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Protectia diferentiala

<div style="background-color: #fefefe; line-height: 16.8999996185303px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Protectia diferentiala se foloseste pentru protectia omului impotriva electrocutarii, atunci cand se ating din greseala partile aflate sub tensiune.</span></div> <div style="background-color: #fefefe; line-height: 16.8999996185303px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dispozitivele de <strong>protectie diferentiala</strong> pentru instalatiile electrice casnice sunt reglate la 30 mA ( pragul de curent periculos pentru om ) a curentului diferential rezidual si vor scoate de sub tensiune instalatia electrica când se atinge acest prag.</span></div> <div style="background-color: #fefefe; line-height: 16.8999996185303px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cea mai economica solutie pentru asigurarea protectiei diferentialeeste utilizarea unui singur întreruptor automat de protectie diferentialain blocul de masura si protectie monofazat (BMPM) sau trifazat (BMPT).</span></div> <div style="background-color: #fefefe; line-height: 16.8999996185303px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img src="https://stoianconstantin.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/functionarea-bmp1.jpg" /></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Dispozitivele de curent rezidual (RCD)</b> asigură protecţia oamenilor şi a instalaţiilor la punere la pământ. Sunt împărţite în 3 familii:</span></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> </div> <a href="http://www.judgeelectrical.co.uk/images/domestic-electrical/electrical-rcd-thumb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="RCD" border="0" height="320" src="http://www.judgeelectrical.co.uk/images/domestic-electrical/electrical-rcd-thumb.jpg" width="320" /></span></a><span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-Întreruptoare automate de curent rezidual diferenţiat (RCCB), care sunt sensibile doar la punere la pământ (de aceea trebuie conectate în serie cu un întreruptor (MCB) sau cu o siguranţă pentru a le proteja în caz de suprasarcină sau scurtcircuit)</span></span><br /> <br /> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Blocuri de curent rezidual (RCD-block), care sunt dispozitive care trebuie asamblate pe un întreruptor cu curent nominal mai mic sau egal pentru a furniza protecţie atât la punere la pământ cât şi la surtcircuit sau suprasarcină</span></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Întreruptoare automate cu protecţie diferenţială (RCBO), care combina într-un singur dispozitiv protecţie atât la punere la pământ cât şi la surtcircuit sau suprasarcină.</span></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> </div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <br /></div> <div style="-webkit-transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-indent: 30px; transition: font-size 0.5s ease-in-out, left 0.7s ease-in-out, right 0.7s ease-in-out;"> <br /></div>

Protectia diferentiala

Protectia diferentiala se foloseste pentru protectia omului impotriva electrocutarii, atunci cand se ating din greseala partile aflate sub ...

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