Contorul electronic monifazat

<div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;">Contor  Electronic  Monofazat</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;">de</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;">Energie  Electrica</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;">tip CEL  02 - 100 V(Q)</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <img height="465" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/1442_poze/image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="628" /></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: right;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Manual de Utilizare</span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">                                                                                                   ianuarie, 2004      </span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">MANUAL DE UTILIZARE</span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div> <div align="center" class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">GENERALIT</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">ĂŢI</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">PREZENTAREA PRODUSULUI</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSTRUCŢIUNI DE INSTALARE sI EXPLOATARE</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSTRUCŢIUNI UTILIZARE PROGRAM ANALIZĂ DATE ÎNTREGISTRARE</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">CARACTERISTICI THNICE</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">     </span></span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">GENERALITĂŢI</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contorul CEL este destinat masurarii energiei electrice  active si reactive  absorbite din linia de contact de locomotivele electrice. În plus, el înregistreaza curba de consum a energiei în functie de timp, transmite spre alte instalatii din locomotiva (vitezografe cu memorie nevolatila) date referitoare la consumul de energie si face autocitirea valorilor  sale la intervale programabile de utilizator.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">     </span></span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">PREZENTAREA PRODUSULUI</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contorul CEL prezinta o constructie statica ce cuprinde componente electronice performante din ultima generatie.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">El este format din doua parti principale</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">modulul analogic si modulul digital.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modulul analogic</span></i></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> este un contor static de energie activa si reactiva caracterizat prin faptul ca are o intrare de tensiune, o intrare de curent si doua iesiri în impulsuri al caror numar este proportional cu energia activa si reactiva consumata.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modulul analogic contine un circuit de intrare de tensiune si de curent, un circuit de multiplicare, un circuit de filtrare si un convertor cu iesire în frecventa.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Circuitele de intrare de tensiune si de curent realizeaza conversia cu distorsiuni reduse a marimilor de intrare în semnale de tensiune cu amplitudini acceptate de circuitul de multiplicare.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Multiplicarea, medierea si conversia se realizeaza în domeniul digital. Astfel, semnalele de tensiune si curent sunt convertite cu ajutorul unor convertoare AD ce utilizeaza metoda sigma-delta, la o rata de esantionare foarte ridicata. Achizitia cu o rata ridicata permite utilizarea pe intrari a unor filtre trece-jos antialias foarte simple. Esantioanele numerice realizate în urma achizitiei sunt apoi prelucrate în domeniul digital: eliminare componenta continua, multiplicare, mediere, conversie în frecventa. Aceasta metoda conduce la obtinerea unor performante foarte ridicate privind precizia si stabilitatea în timp.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modulul analogic genereaza doua semnale de frecventa: un semnal de frecventa coborâta, ce permite contorizarea energiei, si un semnal de frecventa ridicata, proportionala cu puterea instantanee, ce permite calibrarea contorului. Aceste semnale sunt aplicate modulului numeric prin intermediul unor optocuploare, cele doua module fiind izolate galvanic.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modulul numeric</span></i></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> este construit în jurul unui microcontroler ce dispune de memorie FLASH pentru cod, memorie nevolatila EEPROM pentru variabilele importante, timere si o seriala full duplex.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Microcontrolerul acceseaza o memorie nevolatila RAMCMOS cu baterie pentru datele înregistrate, un ceas de timp real, un afisaj alfanumeric 2x20 caractere si doua taste pentru setarea locala a parametrilor contorului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pe panoul frontal, alaturi de afisaj si taste sunt amplasate patru leduri (doua leduri galbene  ce semnalizeaza existenta impulsurilor de joasa frecventa generate de modulul analogic  un led verde ce prin aprinderea sa periodica semnalizeaza buna functionare a microcontrolerului si un led rosu ce indica starea bateriei modulului numeric). Modulul numeric dispune de circuit watch-dog ce comanda resetarea microcontrolerului în cazul în care acesta nu mai ruleaza programul corect si un circuit power-fail ce anunta în mod anticipat caderea tensiunii de alimentare, permitând astfel salvarea variabilelor importante.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Programul rulat de microcontroler realizeaza masurarea energiei si a puterii prin contorizarea impulsurilor generate de modulul analogic, afisarea valorilor lor pe displayul local, masurarea, memorarea si transmisia pe seriala a energiei consumate în intervalele de timp a caror durata a fost setata de utilizator, înregistrarea valorilor autocitite ale energiei, transferarea datelor înregistrate pentru analiza si stocate cu ajutorul unei unitati de transfer sau calculator portabil.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Alimentarea modulului analogic se realizeaza din intrarea de tensiune . Aceeasi intrare realizeaza si alimentarea modulului numeric, dar numai într-un regim în care afisajul este stins. În acest fel contorul masoara si înregistreaza date chiar în cazul în care alimentarea cu tensiune continua este deconectata. Functionarea normala a contorului, cu aprinderea afisajului, are loc atunci când el este alimentat cu tensiunea auxiliara de 110Vcc din bateria locomotivei.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">     </span></span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSTRUCŢIUNI DE INSTALARE sI EXPLOATARE</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Contorul se conecteaza prin intermediul unui sir de cleme, cu tipurile de cabluri utilizate în mod curent pe locomotive. Sunt prevazute câte doua borne pentru intrarea de tensiune, intrarea de curent , alimentarea cu tensiune continua auxiliara,  si trei borne pentru conectarea serialei de transmisie date în vehicul. Seriala este prevazuta cu izolare optica si are urmatoarele conexiuni: masa seriala, semnal serial tip colector în gol, alimentare +5V. Ea poate fi conectata la vitezografele cu memorie nevolatila tip IVMS printr-un circuit ce se livreaza optional. Aceasta conectare trebuie realizata cu cablu ecranat (ecran + 2 conductoare, sectiune min 1 mm²).</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Prinderea contorului se face in  trei puncte cu ajutorul unor suruburi. Este de preferat ca instalarea contorului sa se faca în postul de conducere, pentru ca indicatiile referitoare la puterea instantanee absorbita sa poata fi urmarita de catre mecanic.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pe panoul frontal al contorului este amplasat afisajul alfanumeric, doua leduri galbene ce indica faptul ca se consuma energie, un led verde ce semnalizeaza corecta functionare a microcontrolerulu si un led rosu ce indica starea bateriei .   Pe cutia de borne se afla doua taste ce permit parametrizarea locala a contorului, si conectorul serialei RS232.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">La conectarea alimentarii cu tensiune continua (110Vcc), dar cu locomotiva deconectata de la linia de contact, în cazul unei functionari corecte, pe afisajul local trebuie sa apara, pentru câteva secunde, mesajul:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">     </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">'Memoria OK'</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">      'Energia OK'</span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cazul în care, prin verificarea sumelor de control referitoare la memoria de cod sau la variabilele stocate în EEPROM se constata existenta cel putin a unei erori este afisat un mesaj de eroare corespunzator.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Daca eroarea se gaseste în memoria de cod este afisat mesajul</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">'Eroare memorie cod FLASH'</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">si functionarea contorului este blocata, fiind necesara reprogramarea sa la producator.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">    O eroare în cadrul memoriei de variabile stocate în EEPROM conduce la aparitia mesajului</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">'Eroare memorie EEPROM cod xx'</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">timp de </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">câteva secunde, dupa care contorul îsi începe functionarea normala, folosind valorile implicite înscrise în memoria de cod pentru variabilele ce sunt memorate incorect. Remedierea acestui tip de eroare se face prin reprogramarea parametrilor de functionare cu ajutorul tastelor de pe panoul frontal sau a unui calculator conectat pe seriala RS232 sau seriala optica.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pe durata în care locomotiva nu este conectata la retea (lipsa tensiune c.a.)  pe display este afisata data, ora si valoarea indexului (kWh si kVarh contorizati), iar ledul verde se aprinde intermitent.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">În acest regim se poate realiza programarea parametrilor functionali ai contorului folosind afisajul local si cele doua taste B1 si B2 astfel:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">se apasa tasta B1 si succesiv se baleiaza în mod ciclic parametrii ce pot fi modificati (ora, data calendaristica, rata memorare, rata transfer, cod autocitire, numar vehicul, cod depou);</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">în momentul în care este afisat parametrul ce se doreste a fi modificat se apasa tasta B2</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">prin apasarea succesiva a tastei B1 se pozitioneaza cursorul pe caracterul ce se doreste a fi modificat si apoi se apasa tasta B2</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">se actioneaza tasta B1 pentru modificarea caracterului pe care este pozitionat cursorul, iar în momentul în care este atinsa valoarea dorita se apasa tasta B2 pentru un interval scurt (sub 1 sec) pentru a se trece la urmatorul caracter si pe ambele taste pentru o durata mai lunga (peste 2 sec) pentru memorarea valorii afisate</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">; </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">în cazul în care timp de 30 sec nu se mai actioneaza asupra tastaturii se revine în afisarea datei, orei si valorii energiei fara a se modifica nici un parametru.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">La conectarea locomotivei la linia de contact ledurile galbene se aprind intermitent cu o frecventa proportionala cu puterea consumata, ledul verde continua sa se aprinda periodic, iar pe display sunt afisate secvential data, ora, indexurile contorului în kWh, respectiv kVarh si puterile instantanee  în kW respectiv kVar absorbite de locomotiva.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">     </span></span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">INSTRUCŢIUNI UTILIZARE PROGRAM ANALIZĂ DATE ÎNREGISTRARE</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Programul de analiza date înregistrate permite atât transferul, salvarea sub forma de fisiere si analiza sub forma tabelara si grafica a datelor înregistrate, cât si programarea parametrilor specifici functionarii contorului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">El ruleaza în fereastra DOS pe orice calculator compatibil PC-AT ce are placa video SVGA.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Programul se numeste CEL.EXE si necesita existenta în acelasi director a fisierului EGAVGA.BGI în cazul în care se face analiza sub forma grafica a curbei de consum.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">La lansarea programului este afisat menu-ul principal care are urmatoarea forma:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">              <i>MENU PRINCIPAL</i></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Transfer date</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Salvare / încarcare fisiere disc</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Afisare date</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare parametri CEL</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Configuratie PC</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">B1ati 1.5 ENTER  (ESC-Iesire din program)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Comenzile au o structura arborescenta. Ele se lanseaza prin apasarea tastei cu cifra corespunzatoare si apoi a tastei </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">. Abandonarea unei comenzi si revenirea la menu-ul principal se face apasând tasta </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ESC</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cazul în care o comanda necesita introducerea de parametri este initiat un dialog cu operatorul pe linia aflata în partea inferioara a ecranului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cadrul submenu-ului 'Afisare date' sunt active în plus tastele functionale.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"> <b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">         </span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menu-ul 'Transfer date'</span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Acest menu are forma:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          <i>TRANSFER DATE</i></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Ultimul segment memorie curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Memoria autocitiri energie</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Initializare memorie curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Initializare contorizare energie</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Toata memoria curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">B1ati 1.5  (ESC - revenire în menu-ul principal)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          Transferarea datelor se face utilizând un calculator portabil conectat pe seriala optica sau RS232, sau o unitate de transfer conectata pe seriala RS232.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          Pentru transferarea datelor referitoare la curba de consum memorate de la ultima initializare a acestei memorii se apasa </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">'1' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">. În partea inferioara a ecranului apare lungimea în octeti a informatiei ce urmeaza a fi transmise si un contor ce indica numarul de octeti transferati. Transferul se termina cu succes în momentul aparitiei mesajului '</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">B2 - continuare o tasta</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">'. Prin apasarea oricarei taste se revine în menu-ul principal. În cazul în care apare mesajul 'COMUNICAŢIE ÎNTRERUPTĂ' trebuie verificat daca portul serial folosit este COM1 (în caz contrar el trebuie sa fie modificat cu menu-ul 'Configuratie PC') si daca este folosit un cablu de transfer corespunzator.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cazul în care se doreste initializarea memoriei curba de consum se apasa '3' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">, comanda ce seteaza la lungime zero a memoriei curba de consum. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Comanda necesita confirmarea din partea operatorului, prin tastarea 'D'. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Acest lucru nu conduce la pierderea ultimelor date înregistrate, scrierea în memorie realizându-se în mod circular, cu pierderea celor mai vechi date.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Astfel, prin apasarea '5' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> se poate transfera toata memoria ce contine date referitoare la curba de consum.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Memoria ce contine autocitirile contorului se face prin tastarea '2' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">. Aceasta memorie se transfera întotdeuna în întregime si în cadrul ei datele sunt înscrise cu pierderea celor mai vechi (first in - first out).</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Comanda 'Initializare contorizare energie' - '4' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> conduce la stergerea indexului contorului (energia contorizata devine zero). Ea se face prin dubla confirmare din partea operatorului, data, ora si valoarea indexului la care s-a efectuat fiind înscrise în memoria de autocitiri si memoria curba de consum.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"> <b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4.2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">         </span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Menu-ul 'Salvare / încarcare fisiere disc'</span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Are urmatoarea forma:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          <i>SALVARE / ÎNCĂRCARE FIsIERE DISC</i></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Salveaza fisier curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Salveaza fisier autocitiri energie</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Încarca fisier curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Încarca fisier autocitiri energie</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Selectati 1.4 (ESC - revenire în menu-ul principal)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Dupa transferarea datelor este recomandabila salvarea lor imediata în cadrul unor fisiere. Aceasta se face tastând </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">'1' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> pentru datele referitoare la curba de consum sau '2' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">pentru datele referitoare la valorile autocitite.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cazul în care nu este specificata nici o cale pentru fisier, salvarea se face în directorul din care a fost lansat programul CEL.EXE. Numele fisierului trebuie sa fie în format DOS (max. 8 caractere pentru nume si eventual max. 3 caractere pentru extensie . exemplu LE502.CEL).</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pentru reîncarcarea datelor continute în fisiere salvate anterior se tasteaza '3' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">pentru fisiere ce contin date referitoare la curba de consum, respectiv '4' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> pentru autocitiri.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Încarcarea de fisiere, ca si transferul, conduce la pierderea datelor din tipul carui i se adreseaza (curba consum sau autocitiri).</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.3.    Menu-ul 'Afi</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">s</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">are date'</span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Forma sa este:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          <i>AFIsARE DATE</i></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tabel curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tabel autocitiri energie</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Grafic curba de consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">B1ati 1.3 (ESC - revenire în menu-ul principal)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Pentru afisare date este necesar transferul datelor sau încarcarea din fisiere a unor date corespunzatoare tipului ce se afiseaza.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Prin tastarea '1' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> devine posibila analizarea datelor referitoare la curba de consum sub forma tabelara.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Fiecare linie din tabel cuprinde data si ora de început a intervalului, data si ora de sfârsit a intervalului si valoarea energiei consumate în acest interval.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Tabelul contine si informatii referitoare la data si ora conectarii alimentarii contorului, al initializarii memoriei curba de consum sau al initializarii contorizarii energiei.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Capul de tabel prezinta numele fisierului de date (daca a fost salvat), lungimea fisierului, data, ora contorului si data, ora calculatorului la care s-a efectuat transferul, seria contorului, numarul locomotivei, codul depoului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cadrul comenzii de analiza tabelara sunt active urmatoarele taste:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ESC</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - revenire în menu-ul pincipal</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Home</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare început înregistrare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">End</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare sfârsit înregistrare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Down</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare pagina urmatoare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Up</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare pagina anterioara</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sageata Sus</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - B1eaza linia anterioara </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sageata Jos</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - B1eaza linia urmatoare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">F1 - afiseaza help</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">F2 - tipareste zona selectata</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">F3 - salveaza în fisier text zona selectata</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">F4 - defineste început zona selectata</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F5 - defineste sfârsit zona selectata</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">F6 - zoom contractare (însumeaza mai multe linii)</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F7 - unzoom (eliminare zoom)</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F8 - cauta o data calendaristica</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F9 - cauta depasire consum fata de o valoare setata</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Analiza tabelara a datelor referitoare la autocitiri energie se face tastând '2' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cadrul ei sunt disponibile urmatoarele comenzi:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ESC</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - revenire în menu-ul pincipal</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Home</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare început tabel</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">End</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare sfârsit tabel</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Down</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare pagina urmatoare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Up</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afisare pagina anterioara</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sageata Sus</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - selecteaza linia anterioara </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sageata Jos</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - selecteaza linia urmatoare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F1 - afiseaza help</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F2 - tipareste tabelul</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Prin tastarea </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">'3' </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> se realizeaza analiza sub forma grafica a datelor referitoare la curba de consum.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">În cadrul ei este afisata pe ecran diagrama evolutiei consumului de energie în functie de timp ce poate fi analizata folosind urmatoarele comenzi</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ESC</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - revenire în menu-ul pincipal</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Home</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afiseaza începutul înregistrarii</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">End</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afiseaza sfârsitul înregistrarii</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Down</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afiseaza pagina urmatoare</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pg Up</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - afiseaza pagina anterioara</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sageata stânga-dreapta</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> - deplaseaza cursor </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F1 - afiseaza help</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">F2 - tipareste diagrama</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">F3 - afiseaza de la cursor</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Citirile precise ale valorilor de pe diagrama se face cu ajutorul unui cursor ce poate fi deplasat cu ajutorul tastelor.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.4.   Menu-ul </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">'Modificare parametri CEL'</span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Are forma:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">          <i>MODIFICARE </i></span><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">PARAMETRI CEL</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare rata înregistrare curba consum</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare rata transmisie seriala în vehicul</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare cod autocitire</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare numar vehicul</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificare cod depou</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Setare ora si data calendaristica</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Selectati 1.6 (ESC - revenire în menu-ul principal)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">La intrarea în aceasta comanda sunt afisate valorile corespunzatoare primilor cinci parametri, prin transferare de la contor.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Se apasa apoi tasta cu numarul corespunzator parametrului ce se doreste a fi modificat apoi tasta </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">, se introduce noua valoare si </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;"><</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">ENTER</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt;">></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">. Domeniile în care este permisa introducerea parametrilor sunt afisate pe ultima linie a ecranului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modificarea orei si datei se face cu valorile curente ale ceasului calculatorului.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"> <b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">4.5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">         </span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Menu-ul '</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Configuratie PC</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">'</span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Forma menu-ul este</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">          <i>CONFIGURAŢIE PC</i></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Seriala transfer</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal;">     </span></span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tip imprimanta</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">B1ati 1 sau 2 (ESC - revenire în menu-ul principal)</span></i></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Acest menu permite definirea configuratiei calculatorului care foloseste programul de analiza a datelor.</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">     </span></span></b><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">CARACTERISTICI TEHNICE</span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tipul contorului</span></i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">: static, monofazat cu un singur sens de înregistrare;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tensiunea de referinta</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">100 V;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Frecventa de referinta</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">50 Hz;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Curentul nominal</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: 2,5 A;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Curentul maxim</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: 3 A;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Clasa de exactitate</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: 0,5  pentru energie activa si  1 pentru energie reactiva;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">Tensiunea auxiliar</span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;"> de alimentare</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">110 Vcc - 30 +25%;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Constanta intern</span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> contor:</span></i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 2048 imp/kWh; 2048 imp/kVarh</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Constanta extern</span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">a</span></i><i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> leduri galbene:</span></i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> 1puls/kWh; 1puls/kVarh</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Marimi masurate si afisate</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">energia activa,energia reactiva puterea activa, puterea reactiva ora, data calendaristica;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Marimi înregistrate</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">consumul de energie activa si reactiva în intervale de timp programabile, prin autocitirea valorii energiei;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Marimi de iesire</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">informatii privitoare la consumul de energie în intervale de timp, transmise prin canal serial;</span></div> <div class="MsoHeader" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">Modul de parametrizare si transfer date</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 14pt;">:</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"> prin seriala RS232;</span></div>

Contorul electronic monifazat

Contor  Electronic  Monofazat de Energie  Electrica tip CEL  02 - 100 V(Q) Manual de Utilizare ...

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<div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Câta energie electrica consuma o lampa alimentata la o tensiune de 220 <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">V</span> prin care trece un curent de 0,3 A daca ea functioneaza timp de 15 minute.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="341" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un radiator electric având rezistenta R=20 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> este strabatut de un curent I=10 A si functioneaza timp de doua ore si 45 de minute. Câta energie consuma?</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="371" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine pierderea de tensiune în volti si procente pentru o portiune dintr-un conductor având rezistenta  de 0,5 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">, prin care trece un curent de 8A, tensiunea de alimentare fiind de de 220 V.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="64" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="181" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Avem un transformator de forta trifazat de putere S_n = 10 MVA; tensiunile nominale U_1n= 20 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">V</span> si U_2n= 6,3 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">V</span>. Sa se calculeze curentul nomimal primar.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="72" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="185" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="23" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="12" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">La temperatura mediului ambiant  t₁= 15⁰, rezistenta unui bobinaj  al unei masini electrice este <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">R</span>₁= 40 Ω. Dupa o functionare mai îndelungata, rezistenta bobinajului creste la valoarea R₂= 50 Ω . Sa se calculeze temperatura t₂ la care a ajuns bobinajul dupa functionare, stiind ca bobinajul este facut din cupru cu coeficient de temperatura α = 0,004.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="69" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image012.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="292" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">      </span></span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pe placuta unui electromotor monofazat sunt trecute urmatoarele date: P = 2 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span>, I = 5 A,      cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,8. Sa se determine tensiunea la care lucreaza acest electromotor.<b></b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="21" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image014.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="85" />}   _{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="185" />}</span></b></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Ce curent maxim se absoarbe printr-un bransament monofazat de 220 V de catre o instalatie electrica dintr-o locuinta în care sunt instalate : 5 lampi de câte 100 W, un aparat TV de 30 W si un frigider de 100 W ?</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Puterea total instalata (P)va fi:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">5x100W=500W</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1x30W=30W</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1x100W=100W</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Total:      630W</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image018.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1042" width="225" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se calculeze impedanta si defazajul între tensiune si curent ale unei bobine cu rezistenta activa de 1,5 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> si cu o rectanta de 2 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Impedanta bobinei:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="99" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1043" width="283" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 3pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un electromotor trifazat de 1500 W (putere nominala) absoarbe un curent de 4,9 A la un factor de putere cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,85. Sa se determine tensiunea la care functioneaza electromotorul.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="45" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image022.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1044" width="268" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine curentii în reteaua din figura, cunoscând: E₁ = 48 V, E₂ = 19 V, R₁ = 2</span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">, R₂ = 3</span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">, R₃ = 4 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">. Sa se întocmeasca bilantul energetic.Lipsa figura</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un conductor izolat , din aluminiu, având sectiunea de 6 mm², strâns într-un colac, are o rezisten& 13313l112n #355;a electrica de 4 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> si </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/32 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m;deci y=32.Sa se determine lungimea conductorului din colac, fara a-l desfasura si masura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="23" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1045" width="12" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="107" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image025.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1046" width="212" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="23" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1047" width="12" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un abonat consuma energie electrica prin utilizarea unei plite electrice cu rezistenta de 30 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> ce absoarbe un curent electric de 8 A  si a 4 becuri a câte 75 W, functionând toate timp de o ora si 15 minute.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine energia electrica totala consumata de abonat în acest interval de timp.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="92" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image027.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1048" width="463" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">13.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Printr-o linie electrica monofazata din aluminiu, având lungimea de 150 m, va trece un curent neinductiv (cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1) de 30 A, la tensiune de 220 V.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Ce sectiune minima trebuie sa aiba conductoarele liniei, pierderea de tensiune considerându-se de 3%</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">(deci y=34) </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">D</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">U = 3x 220/100 = 6,6 V, iar </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/34 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image029.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1049" width="268" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">(Se alege sectiunea standardizata imediat superioara adica S=50mm²)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">14.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un circuit electric monofazat, în lungime de 40 m si conductoare de aluminiu cu sectiunea     S =2,5 mm², având U = 120 V, alimenteaza un receptor cu o rezistenta neinductiva     (cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1) de 5</span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> ; se considera </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/32 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Ce curent indica un ampermetru montat în circuit?</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image031.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1050" width="73" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">in care: r este rezistenta unui conductor al circuitului;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">            R-rezistenta receptorului.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="88" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image033.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1051" width="208" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">15.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O linie electrica trifazata, având lungimea L = 100 m si sectiunea S=25 mm², alimenteaza un electromotor de 15 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span>, 3x380 V, cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,8, randamentul </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">h</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,9; se considera </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/32 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">mm²/m. Sa se determine:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">curentul electric I _nabsorbit de electromotor;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">pierderea de tensiune din linie pâna la electromotor;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> valoarea maxima a curentului la care poate fi reglat releul termic al  întrerupatorului automat al electromotorului, stiind ca, conform normativelor, releul termic poate fi reglat la un curent cuprins între (1,05 - 1,2) I _n.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a) _{<img height="45" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image035.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1052" width="229" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="97" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image037.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1053" width="372" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">I_max=1,20; I_N=1,20x31,6=37,9A</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">16.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O linie electrica monofazata, având conductoare de 6 mm² din aluminiu, alimenteaza un  receptor cu o rezistenta  electrica interioara  neinductiva (cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1) R = 20 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">, situat la o distanta de 192 m de tabloul de sigurante. Tensiunea la tablou  este de 220 V. Se considera </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/32 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m Sa se determine:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">tensiunea la bornele receptorului;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">energia electrica consumata numai de receptor în jumatate de ora;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">energia electrica consumata (pierduta) în conductoarele liniei în acelasi timp.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)         ∆U=2rI</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image039.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1054" width="203" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">(rezistenta unui conductor al liniei).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image041.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1055" width="232" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">∆U=2rI=2x1x10=20V</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">U_receptor=220x20=200V</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)         W=Pxt=UIt=200Vx10Ax0,5h=1000Wh=1kwh.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">c)         W=2rI²t=2x1x10²Ax0,5h=100Wh</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Deci in acest caz se pierde in linie o zecime din energie in raport cu energia utila consumata de receptor.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">17.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Dintr-un post de transformare al unei fabrici se alimenteaza, printr-un circuit separat, un reflector aflat la distanta, care are o rezistenta ohmica interioara de 50 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">. Tensiunea la plecarea circuitului din post este de 230 V, iar pierderea de tensiune din circuit pâna la reflector este de 10%. Sa se determine:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">consumul propriu lunar de energie al reflectorului, care funtioneaza 10 ore/zi;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">energia electrica pierduta în conductoarele liniei în aceeasi perioada de timp.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)         Pierderea de tensiune este:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="109" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image043.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1056" width="141" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Energia electrica utila consumata lunar de reflector va fi data de reletia:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">W=pxt</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">P=UxI=207x4=828W(puterea reflectorului)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">W=828W x 30zile x 10h=248400Wh=248kwh.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)         W=2rI²t</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">∆U=2rI</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="67" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image045.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1057" width="283" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">18.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O linie electrica aeriana monofazata dintr-o ferma alimenteaza la capatul ei lampi incandescente la tensiunea de 220 V, însumând o putere de 3300 W. Lungimea liniei, având conductoare din aluminiu, este de 200 m, iar sectiunea ei este de 16 mm²; </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/32 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m. Sa se calculeze:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">procentul de pierdere de tensiune pe linie;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">consumul de energie electrica al lampilor la o functionare de 30 de minute.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="155" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image047.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1058" width="204" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)         _{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image049.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1059" width="285" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">19.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un circuit electric este alimentat la plecarea din tablou, la tensiunea de 220 V. La capatul opus este racordat un radiator având 3135 W. Pierderea de tensiune din circuit este de 5%. Sa se calculeze:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">rezistenta electrica a circuitului conductoarelor (R₁) si separat a radiatorului (R₂).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Consumul de energie electrica al radiatorului într-un interval de 10 minute.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> _{<img height="196" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image051.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1060" width="205" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="85" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image053.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1061" width="276" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">20.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Într-un atelier se înlocuieste un polizor cu un strung. stiind ca circuitul care alimenteaza polizorul are 4 conductoare izolate de aluminiu de 2,5 mm², montate în tub, sa se verifice daca prin acest circuit se poate alimenta strungul si în caz contrar sa se redimensioneze circuitul. <i>Se verifica caderea de tensiune si densitatea de curent, în regim normal si la pornirea electromotorului strungului</i>. Se cunosc: puterea electromotorului strungului: 7 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span>, tensiunea de alimentare 380/220 V, cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,8, randamentul </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">h</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,9, curentul de pornire I_P = 6 I_nominal, lungimea circuitului 20 m, </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/34 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m, pierderea de tensiune la pornirea electromotorului </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;"><</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> 10% , densitatea admisibila de curent pentru Al, în regim permanent δ_N=6 A/mm², în regim de pornire δ_p=20 A/mm².</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Determinam curentul nominal; al electromotorului strungului(I_N):</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="168" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image055.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1062" width="484" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Adica procentual: 1,26%(maxim admis=5%).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image057.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1063" width="225" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">La functionarea in mers normal sectiunea circuitului corespunde;</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-la pornire: (∆U_p<10%; δ<20A/mm²).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="216" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image059.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1064" width="367" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">21.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O  coloana electrica de 380/220 V de aluminiu în lungime de 25 m alimenteaza un tablou secundar de la care pleaca circuite pentru:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">un electromotor trifazat de 4 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">un electromotor monofazat de 2 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">          </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">20 de lampi de câte 100 W fiecare.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Electromotoarele au pornire directa si absorb la pornire de sase ori curentul nominal I_n. Pierderea de tensiune admisa în coloana este de 2%, iar la pornirea electromotoarelor maximum 10%; conductibilitatea </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">g</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 34, cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,7 si </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">h</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">= 0,9, Curentul maxim admisibil în regim permanent, pentru conductoare de Al cu sectiunea de 6 mm² este 30 A, iar densitatea admisibila de curent pentru Al, în regim de pornire δ_p=20 A/mm². Ţinându-se seama de încarcarea echilibrata a fazelor si de un mers simultan la plina sarcina a tuturor receptoarelor, sa se determine sectiunea coloanei. Se va face verificarea la densitate de current în regim de pornire si la cadere de tensiune.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Indicatii</span></i></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pentru echilibrarea sarcinilor pe cele trei faze, electromotorul monofazat se conecteaza la faza R, cate 10 lampi se conecteaza la faza S, respective la faza T. Cea mai încarcata va rezulta, în acest caz, faza R; se va calcula sectiunea coloanei luînd în considerare curentul total din faza R,unde este racordat electromotorul monofazat.</span></i></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)sectiunea necesara pt.electromotorul trifazat:</span></i></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <i><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="96" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image061.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1065" width="353" />}</span></i></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)sectiunea necesara electromotorului monofazat:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="376" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image063.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1066" width="388" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">A doua metoda</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Alegerea sectiunii din tabele.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-Determinam valoarea curentului nominal al electromotoarelor.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-Cautam in tabele si luam sectiunea conductoarelor care corespunde sumei celor doi curenti nominali.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Facem toate verificarile-cu sectiunea aleasa-pt.a vedea daca ea corespunde sau nu.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="116" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image065.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1067" width="335" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">In cazul a patru conductoare de aluminiu izolate si montate in tub pt.intensitatea de 24 A este necesara, din p.v.al densitatii curentului(deci al incalzirii conductoarelor), o sectiune intre 4 si 6 mm²(luam sectiunea normalizata imediat superioara: S=6 mm²).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Folosim acoperitor relatia pierderii de tensiune pt.electromotoare monofazate:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="307" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image067.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1068" width="419" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">22.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Ce sectiune este necesara pentru conductoarele unui circuit electric trifazat din cupru, montat în tub, în lungime de 50 m, care va alimenta un electromotor de 20 k<span style="text-transform: uppercase;">W</span>, 3 x 380 V, cos </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">j</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,7; </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">h</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">= 0,9, care admite la pornire o scadere a tensiunii de maximum 12%. Electromotorul absoarbe la pornire un curent egal cu 6 I_n. Pierderea de tensiune (de durata) admisa în circuit la plina sarcina va fi de 3%, iar </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">g</span>_{<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Cu</span>}<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 57. <i>Conform tabelelor pentru trei conductoare de cupru cu  sectiunea de 6 mm²montate în tub, încarcarea maxima de durata este 42 A, iar densitatea admisibila de curent la pornirea electromotoarelor pentru conductoarele de Cu este mai mica de 35 A/mm².</i></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="99" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image069.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1069" width="504" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Verificari obligatorii:</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Incalzirea conductorului</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Din tabele rezulta ca pt.trei conductoare de cupru de 6 mm²montate in tub, incarcarea maxima de durata este de 42A, deci mai mica decat in cazul nostru.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Vom considera deci o sectiune mai mare:S=10mm².</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">-Densitatea de curent din conductoare la pornirea electromotorului:( δ<35A/mm²).</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="165" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image071.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1070" width="360" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Rezulta ca sectiunea de 10mm²de cupru corespunde la toate verificarile.</span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">23.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">La o retea trifazata de curent alternativ este alimentat un receptor electric conectat în triunghi. Tensiunea de linie este de 220 V. Sa se determine puterea consumata în circuit cunoscând ca încarcarile pe faze sunt neuniforme si anume: prima faza are rezistenta activa de 3 Ω si reactanta inductiva de 4 Ω, a doua faza are o o rezistenta activa de 6 Ω si o reactanta inductiva de 8 Ω,a treia faza are rezistenta activa de 8 Ω si reactanta inductiva de    6 Ω.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <u><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="536" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image073.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1071" width="292" />}</span></u></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">d)Puterea totala consumata in circuit este:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">_{<img height="25" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image075.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1072" width="407" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">24.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O linie electrica aeriana cu tensiunea de 0,4 kV, cu conductoare din cupru având  </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,017 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m, alimentata din sursa A, are schema si caracteristicile din figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                 s₁= 50 mm²                           s₂= 35 mm²                    s₃= 25 mm²         </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">          x₀₁ = 0,31 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km              x₀₂ = 0,345 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km        x₀₃ = 0,33 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km    <b></b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                          1                                 2                                   3</span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 6px; margin-left: 370px; margin-top: 7px; width: 173px; z-index: 12;"><img height="6" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image076.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1067" width="173" /></span><span style="height: 86px; margin-left: 23px; margin-top: 14px; width: 2px; z-index: 16;"><img height="86" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image077.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1075" width="2" /></span><span style="height: 87px; margin-left: 190px; margin-top: 10px; width: 12px;"><img height="87" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image078.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1070" width="12" /></span><span style="height: 87px; margin-left: 361px; margin-top: 9px; width: 12px;"><img height="87" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image078.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1071" width="12" /></span><span style="height: 87px; margin-left: 531px; margin-top: 10px; width: 12px;"><img height="87" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image078.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1072" width="12" /></span><span style="height: 6px; margin-left: 195px; margin-top: 8px; width: 173px; z-index: 11;"><img height="6" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image079.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1066" width="173" /></span><span style="height: 6px; margin-left: 28px; margin-top: 9px; width: 174px; z-index: 10;"><img height="6" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image080.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1065" width="174" /></span><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">A</span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O                                  ●                                  ●                                  ●</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 24px; margin-top: 14px; width: 172px;"><img height="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image081.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1092" width="172" /></span><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 196px; margin-top: 14px; width: 172px;"><img height="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image081.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1093" width="172" /></span><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 367px; margin-top: 14px; width: 172px;"><img height="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image081.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1094" width="172" /></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                   3oo m                                 2oo m                                 15o m   </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                           S₁ = 40 - j10 kVA              S₂ = 30 - j0 kVA         S₃ = 20 - j15 kVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se cere:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">sa se determine pierderea maxima de tensiune;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">sa se interpreteze rezultatul considerând ca pierderea de tensiune admisibila  este de 10%.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">25.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">La o retea trifazata de 6 kV alimentata din statiile de transformare A si B, ale caror tensiuni sunt egale si coincid ca faza,  sunt racordate mai multe locuri de consum. Lungimile portiunilor de retea, în km, sectiunile conductoarelor, în mm², sarcinile, în kW si factorii lor de putere sunt indicate în  schema retelei.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine pierderea maxima de tensiune pentru regimul de functionare normal si pentru regimul de avarie al retelei. În regimul de avarie se presupune ca se scoate din functiune acea portiune din retea a carei iesire din functiune determina caderea maxima de tensiune într-un punct oarecare al retelei;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pentru conductorul cu s = 35 mm²se considera r₀= 0,91 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km si           x₀ = 0,353 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km iar pentru cel cu s = 16 mm² r₀= 1,96 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km si           x₀ = 0,377 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> /km</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                   100 kW                                               80 kW</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                cosφ = 0,8                                             cosφ = 0,9</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 51px; margin-left: 401px; margin-top: 3px; width: 12px;"><img height="51" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image082.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1110" width="12" /></span><span style="height: 51px; margin-left: 154px; margin-top: 3px; width: 12px;"><img height="51" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image082.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1103" width="12" /></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                                                                                                                </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">         3 km, 35 mm²   a  2 km, 35 mm²b  3 km, 35 mm²  <b>c</b>4 km,35 mm²</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 64px; margin-left: 405px; margin-top: 9px; width: 4px; z-index: 29;"><img height="64" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image083.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1112" width="4" /></span><span style="height: 51px; margin-left: 277px; margin-top: 11px; width: 12px;"><img height="51" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image084.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1111" width="12" /></span><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 159px; margin-top: 63px; width: 27px;"><img height="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image085.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1109" width="27" /></span><span style="height: 64px; margin-left: 158px; margin-top: 8px; width: 4px; z-index: 25;"><img height="64" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image083.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1106" width="4" /></span><span style="height: 5px; margin-left: 405px; margin-top: 8px; width: 124px; z-index: 20;"><img height="5" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image086.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1097" width="124" /></span><span style="height: 5px; margin-left: 282px; margin-top: 8px; width: 124px; z-index: 22;"><img height="5" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image086.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1099" width="124" /></span><span style="height: 5px; margin-left: 158px; margin-top: 8px; width: 124px; z-index: 21;"><img height="5" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image086.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1098" width="124" /></span><span style="height: 5px; margin-left: 35px; margin-top: 8px; width: 124px; z-index: 23;"><img height="5" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image086.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1100" width="124" /></span><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">A  O                         ●                        ●                        ●                        O B</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 28px; margin-left: 343px; margin-top: 9px; width: 64px; z-index: 61;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="64"><span style="z-index: 61;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1594"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">1,5 km</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="64"><span style="z-index: 62;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1595"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">1,5 km</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="76"><span style="z-index: 59;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1590"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">16 mm²</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="76"><span style="z-index: 60;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1591"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">16 mm²</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 28px; margin-left: 96px; margin-top: 9px; text-align: justify; width: 64px; z-index: 62;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 28px; margin-left: 165px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: justify; width: 76px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 28px; margin-left: 412px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: justify; width: 76px;"></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">                                                                                       </span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> ^{<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span>}</div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 406px; margin-top: 6px; width: 27px;"><img height="12" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image085.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1113" width="27" /></span><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                               d       </span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">40 kW       80 kW <b>                      e      </b>  40 kW</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                            cosφ = 0,7    cosφ = 0,8                            cosφ = 0,8</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">26.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O retea trifazata de 0,4 kV alimentata din punctul A, cu conductoare din cupru având </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,017 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m are sectiunea conductoarelor, lungimile tronsoanelor si sarcinile mentionte în figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 28px; margin-left: 264px; margin-top: 19px; width: 28px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="28"><span style="z-index: 46;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1262"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="RO">g</span></b></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">Sa se determine pierderea maxima de tensiune considerând ca sarcinile sunt rezistive.</span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 41px; margin-left: -32px; margin-top: 201px; width: 28px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="28"><span style="z-index: 45;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1260"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 16pt;">A</span></b></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="28"><span style="z-index: 49;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1261"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="RO">e </span></b></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="28" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="52"><span style="z-index: 47;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1263"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">10 A</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 28px; margin-left: 588px; margin-top: 209px; text-align: justify; width: 28px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 28px; margin-left: 553px; margin-top: 271px; text-align: justify; width: 52px;"></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"><img height="390" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image087.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1231 _x0000_s1232 _x0000_s1233 _x0000_s1234 _x0000_s1235 _x0000_s1236 _x0000_s1237 _x0000_s1238 _x0000_s1239 _x0000_s1240 _x0000_s1241 _x0000_s1242 _x0000_s1243 _x0000_s1244 _x0000_s1245 _x0000_s1246 _x0000_s1247 _x0000_s1248 _x0000_s1249 _x0000_s1250 _x0000_s1251 _x0000_s1252 _x0000_s1253 _x0000_s1254 _x0000_s1255 _x0000_s1256 _x0000_s1257 _x0000_s1258 _x0000_s1259 _x0000_s1364 _x0000_s1365 _x0000_s1368 _x0000_s1369 _x0000_s1370 _x0000_s1371 _x0000_s1372 _x0000_s1373 _x0000_s1374 _x0000_s1375 _x0000_s1376 _x0000_s1377 _x0000_s1378 _x0000_s1421 _x0000_s1424 _x0000_s1425 _x0000_s1426 _x0000_s1430 _x0000_s1431 _x0000_s1432 _x0000_s1433 _x0000_s1434 _x0000_s1437 _x0000_s1438" width="588" /></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">27.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">O LEA 110 kV s.c. echipata cu conductoare de OL-Al de sectiune 185 mm², cu diametrul 19,2 mm si </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 1/34 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m, are o lungime de 40 km si coronamentul din figura ( cu distantele în mm. ).</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se cere:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1. Sa se precizeze semnificatiile simbolurilor <i>a</i> si <i>b</i> din formulele de calcul ale inductantei specifice                                             </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       x₀ = 0,145 lg _{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image089.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1073" width="51" />}  Ω/km,</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">respectiv susceptantei specifice</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       b₀ = _{<img height="63" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image091.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1074" width="59" />} 10⁼⁶   S/km</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">2. Sa se reprezinte schemele electrice echivalente în Π si T ale liniei si sa se calculeze parametrii acestora.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="342" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image092.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1143 _x0000_s1142 _x0000_s1145 _x0000_s1148 _x0000_s1150 _x0000_s1151 _x0000_s1152 _x0000_s1153 _x0000_s1154 _x0000_s1163 _x0000_s1164 _x0000_s1165 _x0000_s1166 _x0000_s1167 _x0000_s1168 _x0000_s1169 _x0000_s1170 _x0000_s1171 _x0000_s1172 _x0000_s1173 _x0000_s1174 _x0000_s1175 _x0000_s1176 _x0000_s1180" width="576" /></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">28.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">  1. Sa se determine parametrii electrici  ( R_T, X_T, G_T si B_T) ai unui transformator cu doua înfasurari de 31,5 MVA 115_{<img height="16" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image094.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1075" width="15" />}2x2,5% / 6,3 kV,     </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    pierderile în cupru de 105 kW, pierderile în gol de 40 kW, u_sc % = 9% si   i₀ % = 1,2 %.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    Parametrii electrici se vor raporta la tensiunea de pe plotul maxim al înfasurarii primare.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">            2. Sa se reprezinte schema electrica achivalenta , în Γ, a  transformatorului de la punctul 1.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">29.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Un post de transformare care alimenteaza un consumator este echipat cu doua transformatoare trifazate identice, de 1600 kVA,  6/0,4 kV, având fiecare:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">   ΔP_sc = 18 kW;  ΔP₀ = 2,6 kW;  u_sc %= 6%;  i₀ %= 1,7%;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">   Se cer parametrii electrici ai unui transformator raportati la tensiunea  secundara si schema electrica echivalenta (în Γ ) a postului de transformare.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">30.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pe o plecare subterana a unei retele electrice de 10 kV alimentata de la o statie de transformare se produce un scurtcircuit trifazat.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    Sa se calculeze valoarea curentului de defect si reactanta minima a unei bobine de reactanta care ar trebui montata pentru limitarea puterii de  scurtcircuit la cel mult 100 MVA.   </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    Lungimea, sectiunea conductoarelor de cupru, rezistenta si reactanta specifice ale cablului sunt indicate în figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    Se considera ca scurtcircuitul este produs de o sursa de putere infinita si se  neglijeaza componenta aperiodica a curentului de scurtcircuit.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 107px; left: 14px; top: -42px; width: 573px;"><img height="107" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image095.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1192 _x0000_s1196 _x0000_s1197 _x0000_s1200 _x0000_s1203 _x0000_s1206 _x0000_s1207 _x0000_s1216 _x0000_s1217 _x0000_s1223 _x0000_s1226 _x0000_s1229 _x0000_s1230" width="573" /></span><span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="color: red; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;" /> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">31.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine cu cât se reduce puterea de scurtcircuit trifazat pe barele A₁de 110 kV, în schema electrica din figura, în cazul în care se functioneaza cu cupla C₁ deschisa, în comparatie cu functionarea cu cupla C₁ închisa.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Cupla barelor de 220 kV C₂ este în permanenta închisa.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> _{<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">       </span>}<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 52px; margin-left: 360px; margin-top: 241px; width: 112px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="112"><span style="z-index: 52;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1494"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 350 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x^"_d= 12%           </span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="height=52"><span style="z-index: 51;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1493"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 350 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x^"_d= 12%            </span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="109"><span style="z-index: 50;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1492"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 500 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x = 0,3</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 52px; margin-left: 1px; margin-top: 234px; text-align: justify; width: 100px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 52px; margin-left: -9px; margin-top: 6px; text-align: justify; width: 109px;"></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"><img height="278" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image096.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1440 _x0000_s1441 _x0000_s1442 _x0000_s1443 _x0000_s1444 _x0000_s1445 _x0000_s1446 _x0000_s1447 _x0000_s1448 _x0000_s1449 _x0000_s1450 _x0000_s1451 _x0000_s1452 _x0000_s1453 _x0000_s1454 _x0000_s1455 _x0000_s1456 _x0000_s1457 _x0000_s1458 _x0000_s1459 _x0000_s1460 _x0000_s1461 _x0000_s1462 _x0000_s1463 _x0000_s1464 _x0000_s1465 _x0000_s1466 _x0000_s1467 _x0000_s1468 _x0000_s1469 _x0000_s1470 _x0000_s1471 _x0000_s1472 _x0000_s1473 _x0000_s1474 _x0000_s1475 _x0000_s1476 _x0000_s1477 _x0000_s1478 _x0000_s1479 _x0000_s1480 _x0000_s1481 _x0000_s1482 _x0000_s1483 _x0000_s1484 _x0000_s1485 _x0000_s1486 _x0000_s1487 _x0000_s1488 _x0000_s1489 _x0000_s1490 _x0000_s1491 _x0000_s1748" width="577" /></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">32.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine puterile de scurtcircuit la timpul t = 0 în cazul unui scurtcircuit trifazat pe barele A₁de 220 kV ale statiei A în urmatoarele ipoteze:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">            a) cuplele statiilor A si B, respectiv C_A  si C_B sunt închise;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">            b) cupla C_A închisa, cupla C_Bdeschisa;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">            c) cupla C_A deschisa, cupla C_B închisa.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Schema si caracteristicile circuitelor sunt indicate în figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 60px; left: -26px; top: 2px; width: 156px;"><img height="58" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image097.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1523 _x0000_s1529" width="156" /></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <br clear="ALL" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 52px; margin-left: -29px; margin-top: 213px; width: 112px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="112"><span style="z-index: 56;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1530"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 1000 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x= 0,4                        </span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="112"><span style="z-index: 55;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1528"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 800 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x^"_d= 20%                        </span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="112"><span style="z-index: 54;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1527"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">S = 800 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">x^"_d= 20%                        </span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 52px; margin-left: 514px; margin-top: 30px; text-align: justify; width: 112px;"></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 52px; margin-left: 514px; margin-top: 171px; text-align: justify; width: 112px;"></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"><img height="266" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image098.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1502 _x0000_s1501 _x0000_s1506 _x0000_s1507 _x0000_s1508 _x0000_s1509 _x0000_s1510 _x0000_s1511 _x0000_s1512 _x0000_s1513 _x0000_s1514 _x0000_s1515 _x0000_s1516 _x0000_s1517 _x0000_s1518 _x0000_s1519 _x0000_s1520 _x0000_s1521 _x0000_s1522 _x0000_s1525 _x0000_s1526 _x0000_s1532 _x0000_s1533 _x0000_s1534 _x0000_s1535 _x0000_s1536 _x0000_s1538 _x0000_s1539 _x0000_s1540 _x0000_s1541" width="576" /></span><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">33.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Statia de transformare B, echipata cu trei transformatoare de 20 MVA 110_{<img height="16" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image094.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1076" width="15" />}2x2,5% / 6,6 kV este alimentata din sursa A prin doua linii de 110 kV.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Tensiunea pe barele sursei, sarcina consumatorului din statia B si parametrii transformatoarelor (identice si raportate la primar) sunt indicate în figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1.Sa se determine puterea compensatoarelor sincrone necesare a se monta pe barele de joasa tensiune ale statiei B pentru a se mentine U = 106 kV raportata la primar, atunci când una din liniile de 110 kV iese din functiune,  stiind ca tensiunea minima pe barele consumatorilor, în regim de avarie (raportata la înalta tensiune) este U^!_b = 96,2 kV, în variantele:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">se neglijeaza aportul capacitiv al liniei si consumul de reactiv al transformatoarelor;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">suplimentar fata de a), se neglijeaza si componenta transversala a caderii de tensiune;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">2. Sa se compare rezultatele obtinute în cele doua cazuri</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">      A                                                                   B       </span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> X_T= 66 Ω<b>     b</b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 104px; margin-left: 544px; margin-top: 35px; width: 96px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="104" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="96"><span style="z-index: 48;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1359"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">S_b</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> _{<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">45 - j 36 MVA</span>}</div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="139" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image099.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1338 _x0000_s1339 _x0000_s1340 _x0000_s1341 _x0000_s1342 _x0000_s1343 _x0000_s1344 _x0000_s1345 _x0000_s1346 _x0000_s1347 _x0000_s1348 _x0000_s1349 _x0000_s1350 _x0000_s1351 _x0000_s1352 _x0000_s1353 _x0000_s1354 _x0000_s1355 _x0000_s1356 _x0000_s1357 _x0000_s1358" width="576" /></span></b><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">U_A=117 kV                                                                                              R_T=3,9<span style="color: red;"> </span>Ω <span style="color: red;"></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">34.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Statia de transformare B, în care sunt instalate doua transformatoare de cîte 10 MVA este alimentata din centrala A prin doua linii electrice aeriene  paralele de 35 kV. Pe partea de înalta tensiune a transformatoarelor statiei  B este fixata priza de 34,13 kV. Tensiunea nominala a înfasurarilor    </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">secundare  ale transformatoarelor este de 6,6 kV.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sarcina totala pe barele de 6 kV ale statiei B este de 15,5 MVA, din care  14 MVA consum local iar 1,5 MVA se transporta, printr-o linie aeriana de 6 kV în punctul C al retelei.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Caracteristicile liniilor, transformatoarelor si sarcinile sunt indicate pe   schema.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se determine tensiunea în punctul C al retelei, daca la centrala A se mentine tensiunea de 36,6 kV. Se neglijeaza pierderile de putere în linii si transformatoare si componenta transversala a caderii de tensiune.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se considera ca cele doua linii dintre centrala A si statia B, respectiv   transformatoarele din statia B, functioneaza în paralel.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                                               </span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 52px; margin-left: 586px; margin-top: 107px; width: 88px; z-index: 65;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="88"><span style="z-index: 65;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1747"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO"><img height="37" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image101.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1077" width="65" /></span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="40" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="40"><span style="z-index: 64;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1746"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">C</span></b></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 40px; margin-left: 602px; margin-top: 17px; text-align: justify; width: 40px; z-index: 64;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="216" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image102.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1718 _x0000_s1719 _x0000_s1720 _x0000_s1721 _x0000_s1722 _x0000_s1723 _x0000_s1724 _x0000_s1725 _x0000_s1726 _x0000_s1727 _x0000_s1728 _x0000_s1729 _x0000_s1730 _x0000_s1731 _x0000_s1732 _x0000_s1733 _x0000_s1734 _x0000_s1735 _x0000_s1736 _x0000_s1737 _x0000_s1738 _x0000_s1739 _x0000_s1740 _x0000_s1741 _x0000_s1742 _x0000_s1743 _x0000_s1744 _x0000_s1745" width="636" /></span></b><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"> </span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">35.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sa se aleaga tensiunea pe ploturile transformatoarelor coborâtoare de  115_{<img height="16" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image094.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1078" width="15" />}3x1,5% / 6,3 kV astfel încât abaterile de la tensiunea nominala de 6 kV sa fie aproximativ aceeasi în regim de sarcina minima si maxima.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">      Se cunosc sarcinile pe 6 kV: <u>S</u>_max.= 65 - j45 MVA (cu transformatoarele  în paralel); <u>S</u>_min.= 20 - j15 MVA (si functioneaza un singur transformator)  si caracteristicile, identice, pentru fiecare dintre cele doua ransformatoare:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">     S_n= 40 MVA; ΔP_cu = 80 kW;  ΔP_fe = 25 kW;  u_sc %= 10%;  i₀ %= 2%;        </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">     Tensiunea pe barele de înalta tensiune se mentine constanta la 110 kV.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    </span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">36.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se considera schema din figura, în care o statie coborâtoare de 2x20 MVA este alimentata de o linie 110 kV lunga de 30 km, cu conductoare de otel- aluminiu cu </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,029 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m si cu fazele asezate în linie, distanta între fazele vecine fiind de 3175 mm.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Perditanta liniei se neglijeaza.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Parametrii (identici) ai transformatoarelor: S_n = 20 MVA; u_sc% = 9% ;    ΔP_cu = 120 kW; ΔP_fe = 30 kW;i_o% = 2% ; raportul de transformare             k = _{<img height="41" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image105.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1079" width="95" />}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Puterea maxima absorbita de consumator este S = 25 - j 20 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se cere:</span></b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1. Sa se precizeze semnificatiile simbolurilor <i>a</i> si <i>b</i> din formulele de calcul ale inductantei specifice                                             </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       x₀ = 0,145 lg _{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image089.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1080" width="51" />}  Ω/km,</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">respectiv susceptantei specifice</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       b₀ = _{<img height="63" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image091.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1081" width="59" />} 10⁼⁶   S/km</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">2. Sa se calculeze:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">     a) parametrii schemei echivalente pentru linie ( în Π ) si pentru   </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">         transformator (în Ѓ );</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">     b) pierderile de putere în linie si transformatoare;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">     c) pierderea totala de tensiune considerându-se ca tensiunea pe bara A       </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">        este  de 115 kV; se neglijeaza caderea de tensiune transversala.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">3. Sa se determine treapta de reglaj a transformatoarelor coborâtoare pentru   </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">   ca la  sarcina maxima tensiunea pe bara C sa fie 35 kV</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="height: 40px; margin-left: 514px; margin-top: 190px; width: 88px; z-index: 58;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="88"><span style="z-index: 58;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1587"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO">U_c=35 kV</span></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="103" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="96"><span style="z-index: 31;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1139"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">S_C</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> _{<span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">25 - j 20 MVA</span>}</div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; height: 103px; margin-left: 548px; margin-top: 100px; text-align: justify; width: 96px;"></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">         </span></b><b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="192" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image106.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1117 _x0000_s1116 _x0000_s1118 _x0000_s1119 _x0000_s1120 _x0000_s1123 _x0000_s1114 _x0000_s1125 _x0000_s1124 _x0000_s1115 _x0000_s1128 _x0000_s1130 _x0000_s1133 _x0000_s1132 _x0000_s1135 _x0000_s1138 _x0000_s1584 _x0000_s1585 _x0000_s1586" width="588" /></span></b><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">37.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pe schema din figura sunt prezentate caracteristicile unei retele precum si sarcinile statiilor de distributie A si B. Liniile electrice sunt echipate cu conductoare din otel aluminiu cu sectiunea de 120 mm², cu diametrul de 15,8 mm si </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">r</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> = 0,0324 </span><span lang="RO" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt;">W</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> mm²/m, cu fazele asezate în linie, distanta dintre fazele vecine fiind de 3175 mm.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Se cere:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">1. Sa se precizeze semnificatiile simbolurilor <i>a</i> si <i>b</i> din formulele de calcul ale inductantei specifice                                             </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       x₀ = 0,145 lg _{<img height="44" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image089.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1082" width="51" />}  Ω/km,</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">respectiv susceptantei specifice</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">                                       b₀ = _{<img height="63" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image091.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1083" width="59" />} 10⁼⁶   S/km</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">2. Sa se calculeze parametrii electrici ai liniilor si transformatoarelor</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">3. Sa se calculeze puterea absorbita de pe barele centralei CE stiind ca transformatoarele din statiile A si B au caracteristici identice, respectiv:</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">S_T= 10 MVA; raport de transformare k =115/6,3 kV;  ΔP_cu = 80 kW;       ΔP_fe = 20 kW;u_sc% = 10% ; i_o% = 2% ; </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Perditantele liniilor se neglijeaza. Liniile dintre centrala CE si statia A precum si transformatoarele din statiile A si B functioneaza în paralel.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Puterea maxima absorbita de consumator este S = 25 - j 20 MVA</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">    </span></b><span style="height: 40px; margin-left: -10px; margin-top: 73px; width: 52px;"></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><tbody> <tr><td bgcolor="white" height="40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;" width="52"><span style="z-index: 63;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: %px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px;"><div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1614"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 14pt;">CE</span></b></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <b style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="336" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image107.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1264 _x0000_s1265 _x0000_s1266 _x0000_s1267 _x0000_s1268 _x0000_s1270 _x0000_s1271 _x0000_s1272 _x0000_s1273 _x0000_s1274 _x0000_s1275 _x0000_s1276 _x0000_s1277 _x0000_s1596 _x0000_s1597 _x0000_s1598 _x0000_s1599 _x0000_s1600 _x0000_s1601 _x0000_s1602 _x0000_s1603 _x0000_s1605 _x0000_s1606 _x0000_s1607 _x0000_s1608 _x0000_s1609 _x0000_s1610 _x0000_s1612 _x0000_s1613 _x0000_s1615 _x0000_s1616 _x0000_s1617 _x0000_s1622 _x0000_s1623 _x0000_s1624 _x0000_s1632 _x0000_s1633 _x0000_s1634 _x0000_s1635 _x0000_s1636 _x0000_s1637 _x0000_s1638 _x0000_s1641 _x0000_s1642 _x0000_s1643 _x0000_s1644 _x0000_s1645 _x0000_s1646 _x0000_s1647 _x0000_s1648 _x0000_s1649 _x0000_s1650 _x0000_s1651" width="686" /></span></b><span lang="RO" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="MsoBodyText2" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">38.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">   </span></span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Care trebuie sa fie tensiunea de scurtcircuit minima a transformatorului coborâtor de servicii proprii ale blocului de 388 MVA - 24 kV, astfel încât puterea de scurtcircuit trifazat, la timpul t = 0, sa nu depaseasca 350 MVA pe barele de 6 kV ale statiei bloc de servicii proprii.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;">Datele sunt precizate pe figura.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><b><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 11pt;"><img height="336" src="http://www.scritub.com/files/fizica/219_poze/image108.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1652 _x0000_s1653 _x0000_s1654 _x0000_s1655 _x0000_s1656 _x0000_s1657 _x0000_s1658 _x0000_s1661 _x0000_s1665 _x0000_s1666 _x0000_s1673 _x0000_s1674 _x0000_s1676 _x0000_s1678 _x0000_s1680 _x0000_s1681 _x0000_s1682 _x0000_s1684 _x0000_s1695 _x0000_s1697 _x0000_s1704 _x0000_s1705 _x0000_s1706 _x0000_s1707 _x0000_s1708 _x0000_s1709 _x0000_s1710 _x0000_s1711 _x0000_s1715 _x0000_s1716 _x0000_s1717" width="686" /></span></b></div>

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